Are you planning to risk your life?

Start with your account on a diet of either a book or magazine, or those that come in envelopes and used to prepare soups, smoothies and as the label reads “replace a meal” . While not all are equal, are based on a similar principle: the sudden and dramatic suppression of carbohydrate at the expense of increased consumption of protein and fat. Resounding no bread, pasta, rice and sweet biscuits, yes to meat, eggs, dairy, and even cold cuts and sausages. Vegetables and fruits, minimal amount. These diets are not just low-calorie (may have about 1,500 daily), and promoted by ensuring that one can eat their fill, but as cause nausea and upset stomach (and other effects riskier) after a few days people have decreased appetite.

There are other diets that are less generous. In English, they are called very low calories diets (VLCD), which means very low calorie diets. They include 400 to 800 a day and, although food can be prepared (it takes a real expert to tell them without going over), also come in sachets (or bottles), a mixture of nutrients into carbohydrates that exist, but in very small amounts.

Why so much anger with these nutrients?

“Carbohydrates,” says Dr. Brandi, director of the Center for Obesity of the Italian Hospital and former president of the Sociedad Argentina de Nutrición-hold water and sodium. If they are removed, the body increases its urinary output. Then he drops weight , which is not equal to lose weight. Slim is weight loss at the expense of fat, not water or protein. Dr. Escobar, an endocrinologist, who teaches at the University of Buenos Aires, adds: “All these diets have a common foundation: when they are ingested carbohydrates can not synthesize or store new fat. But this is not healthy.”

Risks and Benefits

At this point it is reasonable to have a basic question: if the muscles and brain-eating sugar, Ade do they live when removing carbohydrates drastically?

“In principle,” says Escobar, ketone bodies are formed in the liver when new fats, which can not be stored, are sent there. The brain can not wait for food, so when the reserves are consumed sugar (and this occurs when eating no carbohydrates), the body, using a rescue mechanism to avoid falling into a coma, use ketone bodies for energy. But they have one disadvantage: moving the sodium, potassium and thus the water. The person becomes dehydrated, so you lose weight.

Moreover, they feel weak, tired, with bad breath. So you can not suggest physical activity, a mainstay of treatment.

So the brain, finally, wants sugar. And the only remaining source of glucose is protein.

“Therefore, when making these types of diets, Escobar says, the day after the person has to consume your protein for energy. That is, loses its own lean mass, are malnourished, and this happens even if overweight. We must remember that 70% of caloric expenditure is performed by the muscle, which is protein. As the body gets less calories, start saving and it does consume its own muscle to decrease the total caloric expenditure.

The big problem is that they lose muscle mass to organs, including the heart. So the risks include sudden death, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension and the inability to determine whether such a mobilization of fat will increase or decrease cholesterol and lipids. Furthermore, because apathy and lack of concentration.

Medical suspicious

The VLCD became notorious in the mid 70′s, when 50 people died, some young and healthy as a result of acute cardiac disorders. “So he added a high biological value protein, minerals, vitamins and amino acids,” says Escobar, and a low percentage of carbohydrates to prevent the body from so quickly to use ketone bodies. But they’re still risky. One can only think about them in cases of hyper-obesity, and to control inpatient well. ”

Dr. Brandi, however, believes that much of the criticism of the VLCD are somewhat exaggerated. “Needless to intern them,” he adds. Yes they have a daily, but can continue working. ” For Brandi, the real reasons behind a person reaches to 150 kilos and eat a careless have some genes and some mystery, but says that part of the problem is due to “misconduct in the obese, which does not incorporate better habits.

Every diet of less than 1,200 calories a day always has a deficit of nutrients, and more if a group of them is virtually eliminated The serious problem is that overweight people-mostly women-run after diets in order to get 5, 10 or even 15 kilos in a hurry.

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